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This Week in Chemistry: April 14 - April 20
April 14, 2008 at 01:36 AM
Analtech, Inc. is proud to provide this public service feature - This Week in Chemistry - a recap of major breakthroughs in chemistry as well as the commemoration of key individuals birthdates.
Analtech thanks Dr. Leopold May of The Catholic University of America forproviding this information - you can visit his web site by clicking here.
April 14
b. 1927 Alan MacDiarmid, researcher on the synthesis of conductive polymers; Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2000) with Alan J. Heeger and Hideki Shirakawa for the discovery and development of conductive polymers.
o NASA's Nimbus III weather satellite made first civilian use of nuclear batteries, 1969.
April 15
b. 1710 William Cullen, first to notice that heat is produced during compression of a gas.
b. 1896 Nikolai N. Semenov, researcher in chemical kinetics; Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1956) with Cyril N. Hinshelwood for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions. o Ernest Solvay received his first patent entitled "Industrial Production of Sodium Carbonate by Means of Marine Salt, Ammonia, & Carbon Dioxide", 1861.
o Albert Ghiorso announced the discovery of rutherfordium (Rf, 104) by Ghiorso, et al., at University of California, Berkeley, 1969.
April 16
b. 1728 Joseph Black developed concept of latent heat & laid foundation for modern quantitative analysis.
b. 1838 Ernest Solvay, developed Solvay process for making commercial soda cheaply.
b. 1850 Sidney G. Thomas solved the problem of separating phosphorus from iron in the Bessemer Converter.
b. 1921 Marie M. Daly, first black woman to earn a PhD in chemistry, 1948 (Columbia University).
o Albert Hofmann accidentally discovered the hallucinogenic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 1943.
o Humphry Davy performed first physiological experiment on nitrous oxide by inhaling it, 1799.
April 17
b. 1869 Robert Robertson, researcher in explosives including amato and tetryl (trinitrophenylmethylnitramine).
b. Georges J.F. Kohler, codiscovered techniques for producing monoclonal antibodies; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1984) with Niels K. Jerne and Cesar Milstein for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies.
April 18
b. 1898 W. Albert Noyes, Jr., researcher in photochemistry; editor of Journal of American Chemical Society, 1950 -1962.
b. 1838 P. E. Lecoqde Boisbaudran discovered gallium (Ga, 31) (1875), samarium (Sm, 62) (1880) & dysprosium (Dy, 66) (1886) using spectroscopic methods devised by Robert Bunsen and Gustav R.Kirchhoff.
b. 1864 Samuel C. Hooker, sugar chemist.
b. 1868 Marston T. Bogart, researcher on synthesis of quinazolines & thiazoles.
o Quantum Chemical incorporated as National Distillery Products Corp., 1924.
April 19
b. 1912 Glenn T. Seaborg codiscovered americum (Am, 95) 1944, berkelium (Bk, 97) 1950, californium (Cf, 98) 1950, curium (Cm,96) 1944, einsteinium (Es,99) 1952, fermium (Fm,100) 1953, mendelevium (Md,101) 1955, nobelium (No,102) 1958, plutonium (Pu,94) 1940, & element 106, 1974; Nobel Prize (1951) for discoveries in transuranium elements, with Edwin M. McMillan.
o Antoine L. Lavoisier admitted that he & Joseph Priestley discovered the same facts about oxygen but claimed the right to its discovery because he recognized it as an element - Priestley explained its formation in terms of phlogiston, 1776.
April 20
b. 1912 Gertrude E. Perlmann, research in protein chemistry, Garvan Medal, 1965.
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