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This Week in Chemistry: April 21 - April 27
April 21, 2008 at 01:36 AM
Analtech, Inc. is proud to provide this public service feature - This Week in Chemistry - a recap of major breakthroughs in chemistry as well as the commemoration of key individuals birthdates.
Analtech thanks Dr. Leopold May of The Catholic University of America forproviding this information - you can visit his web site by clicking here.
April 21
b. 1774 Jean-Baptiste Biot discovered optical activity.
b. 1882 Percy W. Bridgman studied effect of pressure on substances; showed that viscosity increases with high pressure; Nobel Prize in Physics (1946) for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics.
b. 1889 Paul Karrer synthesized vitamins A, 1931, B2 (riboflavin), 1935 and E (tocopherol), 1938; Nobel Prize (1937) for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2 with Walter N. Haworth for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C.
o Earth Day, founded by Sen. Gaylord Nelson, Father of Earth Day and organized by Denis Hayes.
o Pfizer, Inc. incorporated 1900.
o Nalco Chemical Co. incorporated as National Aluminate Corp., 1928.
April 22
b. 1893 Wendell M. Latimer, research in the theory of hydrogen bonding and thermodynamics of aqueous solutions; director of research on plutonium for Manhattan Project.
b. 1919 Donald J. Cram researcher in application of stereochemical techniques to organic reaction mechanism; invented carceplexes or guest molecules completely encapsulated by host; synthesized a variety of host-guest complexes including crown ether complexes and won Nobel Prize in 1987 with C. J. Pedersen and J-M. P. Lehn for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity.
o Earth Day, celebrated by ACS.
April 23
b. 1858 Max K. E. L. Planck introduced quantum theory, 1900; researcher in thermodynamics; Nobel Prize in Physics (1918) in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta.
o Rohm & Haas Co., incorporated, 1917.
April 24
b. 1817 Jean C. de Marignac discovered gadolinium (Gd, 64), 1880.
April 25
b. 1900 Wolfgang Pauli discovered the exclusion principle; Nobel Prize, Physics (1945) for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle.
o James D. Watson & Francis H. C. Crick, "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" published in Nature, 1953.
April 26
b. 1834 Hugo Joseph Schiff, discovered condensation products of aldehydes and amines, Schiff Bases; invented color test to distinguish aldehydes from ketones.
b. 1932 Michael Smith invented oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis of DNA; Nobel Prize (1993) for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies with Kary B. Mullis for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
o Antoine L. Lavoisier reported that heated mercury forms red calyx, HgO, while the air is reduced in volume & no longer supports combustion, heated red calyx to liberate oxygen, 1775.
April 27
b. 1880 Charles James, devised crystallization methods for separating the rare earth elements.
b. 1896 Wallace H. Carothers developed Nylon, 1935.
b. 1913 Philip H. Abelson codiscovered neptunium (Np, 93) with Edwin M. McMillan, 1940.
o Albert Ghiorso, et al., announced discovery of hafnium (Ha, 105) produced by bombardment of californium-249 (Cf, 98) with nitrogen-15 (N, 7), 1970.
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