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This Week in Chemistry: Feb 11 - 17
February 11, 2008 at 02:36 PM
Analtech, Inc. is proud to provide a new public service feature - This Week in Chemistry - a recap of major breakthroughs in chemistry as well as the commemoration of key individuals birthdates.
Analtech thanks Dr. Leopold May of The Catholic University of America forproviding this information - you can visit his web site by clicking here.
Feb. 11
b. 1839 Josiah Willard Gibbs, researcher in thermodynamics & phase rule
(Gibbs Phase Rule). Free energy (G = H -TS) is named for him as Gibbs free
energy.
b. 1847 Thomas A. Edison, inventor; incandescent lamp, mimeograph.
b. 1894 Izaac M. Kolthoff, researcher in analytical chemistry; research in polarography,
voltammetry; amperometric titrations, & synthetic rubber chemistry.
o Alwin Mittasch & Christian Schneider filed application resulting in US patent 1,201,850, describing catalytic production of methanol from carbon monoxide & hydrogen, 1914.
Feb. 12
b. 1785 Pierre L. DuLong discovered nitrogen trichloride, 1813; researcher on refractive indeces & specific heats of gases; Law of constancy of atomic heat (DuLong & Petit), 1819; suggested that acids were compounds of hydrogen, 1815; devised formula for heat value of fuels (DuLong Formula).
b. 1826 Moritz Traube, researcher in semipermeable membranes, sugars, respiration, fermentation, oxidation, protoplasm, & muscle.
Feb. 13
b. 1672 Etienne-Francois Geoffroy, published first table of chemical affinities; early supporter of phlogiston theory.
b. 1858 Henry C. Pearson, rubber scientist & editor.
Feb. 14
b.1878 Julius Nieuwland, "Father of Acetylene Chemistry"; discoverer of neoprene.
b.1889 Evan J. Crane, editor, Chemical Abstracts, 1915-1958.
b.1917 Herbert A. Hauptman developed methods for determination of crystal structures; Nobel Prize (1985) with Jerome Karle for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures.
o Dennis Searle, Dennis & E. M. Skillings discovered deposits of borax & other soluble salts in San Bernadino, California, 1873.
o Lawrencium (Lr, 103) produced at University of California, Berkeley, 1961.
Feb. 15
b. 1873 Hans K. A. S. von Euler-Chelpin, researcher on enzymes & fermentation; Nobel Prize (1929) with Arthur Harden for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes.
b. 1900 Charles Thomas received many awards including Priestley medal.
Feb. 16
b. 1826 (Hans Peter Jörgen) Julius Thomsen, tabulated the amount of heat released or absorbed in 3,500 chemical reactions; prepared the first table of the relative strengths of acids; fabrication of soda from the mineral cryolite (patented in 1853); established a factory in St. Petersburg capable of producing two tons per day; designed the modern format of groups and periods on the long form of the Periodic Table of the Elements (1895).
b. 1886 Robert R. Williams, Jr., member Hall of Fame of Inventors for Process for Obtaining Vitamins Patent Number(s) 2,049,988; a telephone company researcher who in his spare time developed ways to synthesize vitamins; isolated thiamine in crystalline form in 1933 and synthesized vitamin B.
o F. P. Bundy, H. T. Hall, H. M. Strong & R. H. O. Wentoff announced synthesis of diamonds at GE Research Laboratories, 1955.
Feb. 17
b. 1838 Friedrich K. Beilstein published standard reference work on organic chemistry, 1880-83, updated ever since.
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