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This Week in Chemistry: March 3 - March 9
March 02, 2008 at 01:36 AM
Analtech, Inc. is proud to provide this public service feature - This Week in Chemistry - a recap of major breakthroughs in chemistry as well as the commemoration of key individuals birthdates.
Analtech thanks Dr. Leopold May of The Catholic University of America forproviding this information - you can visit his web site by clicking here.
March 3
b. 1709 Andreas S. Marggraf, isolated zinc from calamine; distinguished between potash & soda by flame test; found alumina in clay; discovered beet sugar in beetroot.
b. 1876 Gregory P. Baxter determined atomic weight of lead with C. P. Alter, 1935, which led to estimations of the age of minerals.
b. 1879 Elmer V. McCollum, researcher in nutrition & growth.
b. 1918 Arthur Kornberg, researcher on the synthetic pathways by which nucleic acids are produced; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1959) with Severo Ochoa for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid.
March 4
o Willard Libby, et al., first age determination by radiocarbon, 1947.
March 5
b. 1637 John van der Heyden invented fire extinguisher; He and his brother, Nicolaas, patented it on September 21, 1677.
b. 1817 Jules Duboscq invented the first device for colorimetric quantitative analysis and pH measurements; Duboscq Colorimeter.
b. 1846 Edourd van Beneden discovered number of chromosomes was constant for a species in all cells except egg & sperm has one-half number.
b. 1893 Emmett J. Culligan founded the world's largest water treatment organization as well as concept of water softening.
March 6
b. 1787 Joseph von Fraunhofer discovered dark lines in solar spectrum (Fraunhofer lines).
b. 1869 Aleksei E. Favorskii, researcher in the anionic rearrangements of acetylenes and a-haloketones.
o First report on Headspace Analysis was received as an abstract by R. N. Harger, E. G. Bridwell, and B. B. Raney (J. Biol. Chem. 1939, 128, xxxviii), 1939.
March 7
b. 1788 Antoine-César Becquerel, first to use electrolysis to recover metals from ores, 1836; invented an electric thermometer.
b. 1792 John F. W. Herschel, inventor of photography on sensitized paper, introduced the terms, positive & negative for photography.
b. 1827 John H. Gladstone, researcher on refractive index of & relationship with density.
b. 1839 Ludwig Mond discovered Mond producer gas, nickel carbonyl & with J. Brunner founded company Brunner, Mond & Co that later became Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI); developed one of the first hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.
b. 1857 Arthur Hantzsch, researcher in organic acids, electrical conductivity of organic compounds, sterochemistry of nitrogen compounds.
b. 1869 Ernst Julius Cohen, research on physical isomerism, tin allotropy, and stability of electrochemical cells; killed at Auschwitz.
March 8
b. 1839 James M. Crafts, researcher on production of artificial minerals, pyroelectric phenomena of crystals, ketones & aldehydes; synthesized benzene homologues (Friedel-Crafts reaction).
b. 1879 Otto Hahn, discovered protactinium (Pa, 91) with L. Meitner; researcher on nuclear fission with F. Strassman (1938); Nobel Prize (1944) the discovery of fission of heavy nuclei.
b. 1886 Edward C. Kendall isolated thyroxine, 1915; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1950) with Philip Hench & Tadeus Reichstein for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects.
b. 1889 Farrington Daniels, teacher of physical chemistry; pioneer in solar technology.
March 9
b. 1856 Edward G. Acheson, pioneer in development of electric furnace for production of SiC; prepared graphite lubricants-Oildag, Aquadag & Gredag.
b. 1912 Stanley G. Thompson codiscovered berkelium (Bk, 97), californium (Cf, 98) 1950, einsteinium (Es, 99) 1952, fermium (Fm, 100), & mendelevium (Md, 101) 1955.
b. 1923 Walter Kohn, developed density-functional theory, which makes it possible to study very large molecules; Nobel Prize (1998) with John A. Pople for his development of the density-functional theory
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