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This Week in Chemistry: March 31 - April 6
March 30, 2008 at 01:36 AM
Analtech, Inc. is proud to provide this public service feature - This Week in Chemistry - a recap of major breakthroughs in chemistry as well as the commemoration of key individuals birthdates.
Analtech thanks Dr. Leopold May of The Catholic University of America forproviding this information - you can visit his web site by clicking here.
March 31
b. 1801 Thomas Clark, authority on water purification; introduced calcium hydroxide for softening of water.
b. 1811 Robert Bunsen invented the spectroscope with Gustav Kirchhoff, 1859; discovered cesium (Cs, 55) 1860, & rubidium (Rb, 37) 1861; invented the Bunsen burner, filter pump, a galvanic battery, & with Henry E. Roscoe, the actinometer.
b. 1831 Archibald Scott Couper developed organic structural theory at the same time as August Kekule and was first to use bond lines for organic structures.
b. 1860 Isidor Traube, founded capillary chemistry; research on liquids and critical temperature, osmosis, surface tension and colloids (suspensions of nanometer-sized particles); designed a viscometer and capillarimeter; first systematic observation of the hydrophobic effect.(1891).
b. 1890 W. Lawrence Bragg, researcher in X-ray & crystal structure; Nobel Prize in Physics (1915) with father, William H. Bragg for their services in the analyses of crystal structures by means of X-ray.April 1
b. 1860 Sergei N. Reformatsky synthesized organozinc halides (Reformatsky reaction).
b. 1865 Richard A. Zsigmondy, Nobel Prize in Chemistry(1925) for the elucidation of the heterogeneous nature of colloidal solutions & for the methods he devised; introduced the ultramicroscope for study of colloidal solutions.
o Julian Stone reported in Applied Physics Letters on new type of fiber made of quartz & filled with tetrachloroethylene that may be able to carry light, 1972.
April 2
b. 1877 Carl L. Alsberg, researcher on chemistry and metabolism of proteins; chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, US Department of Agriculture (1912-1921) for drug regulation.
b. 1900 Melville L. Wolfrom, research on structural forms of sugar & structure of heparin and streptomycin; founded Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry
o Francis H. C. Crick & James D. Watson mailed 900-word article on structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to Nature, 1953.
April 3
o The Electrochemical Society was organized on this date in 1902 as the American Electrochemical Society.
April 4
b. 1867 Otto Folin, pioneer in clinical chemistry; Folin-Wu reagent for glucose analysis.
o Ira Remsen awarded first Priestley Medal, 1923.
o Synthesis of vitamin B6 announced by Merck, Sharp & Dohme, 1939.
April 5
b. 1827 Joseph Lister introduced antiseptics, such as carbolic acid (phenol).
o Marshall Gates & G. Tschudi announced synthesis of morphine, 1956.
April 6
b. 1863 James Walker, researcher on hydrolysis, ionization constants & amphoteric electrolytes with organic compounds.
b. 1927 Edmond H. Fischer, researcher on protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism; Nobel Prize in Medicine (1992) with Edwin G. Krebs for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism.
b. 1928 James D. Watson, researcher on the double helix structure of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule; Nobel Prize (1962) with Francis H. C. Crick & Maurice H. F. Wilkins for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nuclear acids and its significance for information transfer in living material. *
o First official organizational meeting of the American Chemical Society, College of Pharmacy of the City of New York (now New York University), 1876.
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